The Female Advantage For Education - 877 Words

The female advantage in education has garnered much scholarly attention nationally and internationally in recent years. In the United States, women are now more likely to graduate from a four-year college than men and girls earn higher grades than boys throughout K-12 education on average. DiPrete and Buchmann investigate this gender gap in education and argue that the female advantage in education is not necessarily a â€Å"boy problem,† but a problem of the American educational system that fails to motivate and accommodate for students who are capable of obtaining a college degree but decides not to. While women’s educational performance and attainment exceed that of men’s on average, their low representation in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, disadvantage beyond the educational realm, and the overall gender inequality in the society persist. Ridgeway and Correll posit that the hegemonic gender beliefs, reinforced by the social rel ational contexts of gender, produce and reproduce gender inequality in the larger society. Taken together, these scholars offer valuable insight into the gender system that structures men and women’s behaviors, expectations, and opportunities differently and often unequally in different domains of the society DiPrete and Buchmann investigate the apparent female advantage in education through extensive quantitative analyses. With various nationally representative data on students in primary, secondary, and post-secondaryShow MoreRelatedCo Education624 Words   |  3 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Co – education Co – education exists when boys and girls learn together in one school. It first existed in Greece because of the belief of Plato, a Greek philosopher, that co – education helps in the development of the personality of both men and women when they are put together in the same school or class. It is prevalent in many countries because of its advantages, but for some, they do not want it because of its negative effects. In most countries, co – educationRead MoreEssay on Why Male Teachers are Important in Society Today?1406 Words   |  6 Pagesto face advantages and disadvantages. Some of these male teachers find the need, or desire, to mentor these young boys. Female educators are important but male educators are just as important in ways not possible by a female. Male and female teachers both provide education that the other sex is weaker in. Therefore, it is critical that young people get exposure to both in the educational environments. With being a male educator there are a great amount of advantages. The greatest advantage of beingRead MoreMixed Schools1386 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ This essay provides a discussion between the disadvantages and advantages of mixed schools. The first part of the essay begins with the disadvantages of mixed schools, about why some parents do not allow their children to attend mixed schools and even why some students themselves do not want to attend mixed schools. These are the educational, psychological and social disadvantages of mixed schools. The second part of this essay provides the benefits of attending mixed schools by looking at theRead MoreEssay Changing Perspective on Gender Inequalities in Schools678 Words   |  3 Pagesperspective on gender inequalities in schools. I wanted to find out what people really felt about the fairness of their education, and whether they really felt they had been shortchanged in the learning process because of their sex. My results were generally what I had expected to find, though there were a few interesting findings along the way. I used an article from Education Week entitled, The Silent Gender Gap, An empirical research project conducted by Molly Weinburgh of Georgia State UniversityRead MoreA Draft Persuasive Essay : Cheyenne Regnier1252 Words   |  6 Pagestopic, saying there’s a natural strength advantage, it would be uncomfortable for a male to compete alongside females, among other reasons but ultimately, if the drive and effort is present, there are legal rights and no legitimate reason for woman to not be given the opportunity to prove themselves and normalize the incorporation of females to male sports. Beginning with the most prevalent controversy, the obvious physical advantage males have over females. â€Å"Weight, shape, size, and anatomy are notRead MoreDiscrimination of Girls1678 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination against female children has been a topic of debate. It has been a subject of concern and sociological significance. This subject raises the cultural aspects about the role of a female child in society, what her human rights are as a human being and a number of sensitive issues.This issue is important because there is nearly universal consensus on the need for gender equality.[1] Gender based discrimination against female children is pervasive across the world. It is seen in all theRead MoreEssay On Neuroimaging940 Words   |  4 Pagesneuroimaging has led to the discovery of male brains containing a greater amount of white matter, while female brains contain more gray matter (Gur et al., 1999). Sun et al. (2015) collected imaging data to track the progress of br ain network topology over a five-year period and compared the results between gender differences. Participants in the study included 43 males ranging from ages 22-53, and 28 females from ages 21-59. Only those having no brain disorders, mental illnesses, substance abuse, or first-degreeRead MoreGender Stratification in the U.S. Today Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesdiverse and wide spread. Women and men are disproportionate in every possible way in never-ending circumstances, both instant and durable, by both idea criteria and prejudiced experience. Therefore, what tally as gender difference in family life, education, workplace and politics? These social structures are assembly on the base of the masculinity and femininity, gendered role and gender identity society label to men and women. There is sufficient, vital unfairness in gender relations within the familyRead MoreSingle sex schools or Coed schools1395 Words   |  6 Pageshave similar impact on juvenile’s achievement as coeducational schools. This essay will explain why I disagree with this statement. In my perspective, although these education systems both have advantage elements for students, I still believe coed schools better than single-sex schools. This essay will analyze some elements of advantages and disadvantages among single sex and coeducation schools. Moreover, I will discuss some characters between boys and girls, such as boys’ and girls’ academic achievementRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Media1011 Words   |  5 PagesThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Mass Media Mass media is one of the fastest medium of exchange of information which capture audience attention and interest, for example, television and radio is said to be the best Mass Media. A Mass Media to be effective must be accessible to the target audience and able to hold audience attention and interest. Therefore, this essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Mass Media. The first advantage of mass media is peace and reconciliation.

Platos and Aristotles Views on Knowledge - 1407 Words

Anthony Pulliam Humanities 09/17/2010 Platos and Aristotles Views on Knowledge Plato and Aristotle view knowledge and the process whereby it is obtained. They both point out that many epistemological concepts which they believe where knowledge comes from and what it is actually. Most of them have been astonished me in certain ways, but I found that rationalism and wisdom consists in knowing the cause which made a material thing to be what it is make the most sense to me regarding the nature of knowledge. As the following, we will discuss about why these two philosophical viewpoints are superior and the others are inferior. Aristotle believes that sensory perception of material objects is knowledge and he says, Our senses begin the†¦show more content†¦In Platos Theaetetus, he says, Any one forms the true opinion of anything without rational explanation, you may say that his mind is truly exercised, but has no knowledge. This is quite true that when one can state a true opinion supported by a rational explanation, ones opinion constitutes knowledge, since perceptions of senses are excluding in this case. Moreover, a rational explanation does not contain any subjectivity, it is an objective entity for humans to understand true knowledge. For this reason, I fall with rationalism and believe it is a superior philosophical viewpoint about the nature of knowledge. Aristotle sustains that wisdom consists in knowing the cause which made a material thing to be what it is. For Aristotle, wise people know more than just what something is; they also know why it is what it is, or what causes it to be what it is. People with wisdom, for instance, a master worker understand not only that fire is hot, but also know why it is hot. Those with experience only, who do not know why something works in a certain manner, cannot teach. Say physicians understand that there is a relationship between the medical condition of this class of patients and the ingredients in this particular drug. They are then motivated to learn why the drug works on theseShow MoreRelatedPlatos and Aristotles Views on Knowledge1414 Words   |  6 Pages09/17/2010 Platos and Aristotles Views on Knowledge Plato and Aristotle view knowledge and the process whereby it is obtained. They both point out that many epistemological concepts which they believe where knowledge comes from and what it is actually. Most of them have been astonished me in certain ways, but I found that rationalism and wisdom consists in knowing the cause which made a material thing to be what it is make the most sense to me regarding the nature of knowledge. As the followingRead MoreExamining the Ethics of Plato and Aristotle Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagesand view on their ethics. I will concentrate on their theories on the good life as a life of justice, censorship, knowledge and the good life. I will first examine Plato’s ethics. Plato was a philosopher who was both a rationalist and absolutist. According to his view, people must be schooled to acquire certain kinds of knowledge i.e. mathematics, philosophy and so forth. This training will give them the capacity to know the nature of the good life. Since, evil is due to lack of knowledge. NotRead MoreAnalysis of Aristotle and Platos Thoughts Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagescontrary to Plato’s strict utopian structure and group over individual hierarchy view of the ideal state. Plato’s ideal state is strictly structured through a utopian ideal. Everything within Plato’s ideal state has a place and purpose, and everyone within it is aware of that. While the state works for the people as a whole instead of individual, Plato also proposes the idea of propaganda to mold even the lowest of his utopia into model citizens for the state. Plato’s state is theRead MoreThe Ethics Of Plato And Aristotle977 Words   |  4 Pagescensorship, knowledge and the good life. I will first explain Plato’s ethics. Plato was a philosopher, both a rationalist and absolutist. According to Plato, people must be schooled to obtain certain kinds of knowledge for example mathematics, philosophy etc. The training will give them the ability to know the nature of the good life. Not many people have the mental ability to learn what the good life is. They have to be exactly like a person who has knowledge. The people who have knowledge areRead MoreDistinctions and Comparisons between Aristotle and Plato Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle are in agreement on certain factors of their philosophy. Many have scrutinized and compared the dissimilarities and similarities of Aristotles doctrine of categories and Platos theory of forms. The observations found are of an interesting nature. The beauty behind the writings of Plato is to not accept what is interpreted through the senses. In Platos theory of forms, Plato explained the immaterial world as the realm containing the perfect form of objects and ideas that are presented onRead More1.In Your Own Words, Define The Term â€Å"Metaphysics† As Used1161 Words   |  5 PagesDoes anything exist? Is anything that we see or believe in real? My examples of metaphysics from the book: I will be using Plato and Aristotle’s metaphysics examples. Interestingly enough, â€Å"Plato’s metaphysics claims that there are two kinds of reality† (Lavine 26). He believes in the material and immaterial word. The world of reality and the world of the senses. Plato’s metaphysics actually gives life to one of his most famous writings, The cave of allegory. This particular piece tells the story ofRead MorePlato And Aristotle s View On Knowledge Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesconflict emanating throughout all mankind questions the significance of knowledge to human nature, regarding knowledge’s definition, acquisition, branches, and value. Major role models in the foundation of philosophy - specifically, in this essay, Plato and Aristotle - obsess over the significance of knowledge and its importance to and relationship with the development of human beings and their mindsets. Although Plato’s view o n knowledge describes the internal predisposed essence of all Forms and the needRead MorePlato vs. Aristotle: Virtue1656 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical Science 201 November 12, 2013 Anna Umstead Plato and Aristotle, arguably two of the most influential Greek philosophers, discussed their differing views on virtue extensively throughout many of their works. Although they agree that virtue is a desirable characteristic that will lead to happiness, the ultimate good, there exists between the two philosophies salient differences. While Plato believes only philosophers are capable of true, inherent virtue, Aristotle believes all men canRead MoreBoth Plato and Aristotle are among the most influential philosophers in the history. Socrates was900 Words   |  4 Pagescritic of Plato’s teachings. Since Aristotle found faults in Plato, hence their work is easily comparable as it is based on the common aspects of philosophy. In this paper I will first explain some similarities and then I shall explain the differences between the theories of Plato and Aristotle. Both Plato and Aristotle based their theories on four widely accepted beliefs of the time; â€Å"knowledge must be of what is real, the world experienced via the senses is what is real, knowledge must be ofRead MoreConceptions of the Soul Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesPlato (in Phaedo) and Aristotle (in De Anima) present two fundamentally different conceptions of the soul. Through an analysis of their frameworks and genre, and whether their methods are plausible, it can be concluded that Aristotles formulation of the soul is more compelling than that of Plato. According to Plato, the body and the soul are separate entities. The soul is capable of existing before life of the body and after death of the body and it is constant, unchanging and non-physical

Me Ilamo Bill free essay sample

I walked off the bus in a totally different, totally new culture. What am I getting myself into, I thought? This thought crossed my mind many times as I was standing in the baking heat outside in the town of Parita, in Panama, waiting for my host family to arrive. Not having ever seen them before I anxiously waited as our group leader called everyone’s name. Laurisa, Xavaier, etc it went on and on until my name was called. It was like something out of a movie. I looked in the crowd and a little old lady appeared. My new abuela (grandmother) was named Maria. Maria was barely 5 feet tall and had a big smile on her face. ?Como fue tu vuelo? (How was your flight?) Having no idea what she was saying and no clue how to respond, I replied â€Å"Si.† Frustration started to cloud my mind but I held it back. We will write a custom essay sample on Me Ilamo Bill or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I knew this was going to be challenging. As the first night proceeded I started to recollect the little Spanish I knew. I managed to ask her where the bathroom was and she pointed to a door near a giant concrete slab in the middle of the house. There were many stray cats that she chased out of the house when they jumped in through open windows and tried to steal food. Regardless, her house was the only one on the block with indoor plumbing. The next day I felt more comfortable with my Spanish and so when Maria asked me about my family I tried to respond. With many hand gestures and some broken Spanish I told the story of my grandfather immigrating to the US from Mexico as a child, moving with the rest of his family to Waukesha, Wisconsin. She was surprised that I was not fluent in Spanish. I told her that in my grandfather’s family his father did not allow anyone to speak Spanish in the house because â€Å"We are Americans now.† The underlying reason was a desire to â €Å"blend in† because of racism. Mexico and the past life were never mentioned. Thus my grandfather and his own children (including my mother) never learned to speak Spanish. As weeks went by in Parita I felt more comfortable speaking to people. Our service group was made up of students from all over the US. We worked on a library building for the local school. We laid bricks for walls and poured concrete for a foundation. Working five hours a day in the heat was hard but the kids in the school were nice and we got to know them and played soccer with them after school. One day I will always remember was the day Maria took me to the supermarket. I could hold basic conversations with people but I did not realize how eventful this day would become. It was quite an ordeal. The first part of the trip my grandma wanted to show me her church. She typically spent about 4 hours a day there. It was beautifully constructed and had been built in over 450 years ago. However when the pas tor spoke to me he used many words I could not understand so I could not respond. I felt bad about it. Then we took the bus down a few more streets and I felt something weird in my shoe. I felt something crawl on my toes and I swiftly kicked off my shoe. It was a giant cockroach the size of the palm of my hand. I screamed like a little girl and my grandma quickly smashed it into the ground with her cane and broke out laughing. We then got something to eat at a local cafe. We were in line at the cafe and I recognized some of the foods, however I did not read the signs. I ordered what I thought was spaghetti and meat balls and my grandma gave me a surprised look but did not say anything. As I started eating she asked me how it tasted. It was good. It was good until she told me what it was. I looked back at the sign and it said â€Å"tongue with red sauce.† She laughed again and smiled. Next we went to the supermarket. I was introduced to many different kinds of Panamanian food s, such as plantains, whole chickens and whole fish from the ocean. I thought it was cool that all the food was whole and fresh. I did not think much of it at the time but my grandma asked me if I would like to try a traditional Panamanian dish. I said â€Å"yes.† She bought a whitish meat at the deli she called â€Å"mondongo.† That night after cooking for about 45 minutes she brought out a big bowl of rice, peas and meat – the â€Å"mondongo.† Excited and curious I ate the whole thing. The next day I asked my Spanish teacher what mondongo was. She laughed and said â€Å"Do you really want to know?† She then informed me it was the inside stomach lining of a cow. Leaving Panama was a sad day, however, learning about a new culture, living it, not just reading about it in a book, really had me appreciate things that I took for granted in my real life. Now I live my life appreciating people from other cultures. I learned not only the language but a ne w way of life. I also created a new rule for travelling. When you don’t understand what someone is asking you, do not always reply with â€Å"yes!†

Pollution free essay sample

The most appropriate definition of environmental pollution would be the introduction of different harmful pollutants into certain environment that make this environment unhealthy to live In. The most common pollutants are usually chemicals, garbage, and waste water. Environmental pollution Is happening In many parts of the world, especially In form of alr and water pollution. The best example for air pollution are some of Chinas cities, including capital Beijing, and the best example for water pollution is India with its Ganges river pollution problem. When something is added o the environment which is very harmful, poisonous or fatal to the animal, people surrounding it and other living things is called as pollution. In simple term pollution is a contamination by a chemical or other pollutant that renders part of the environment unfit for intended or desired use. It is triggered by industrial and commercial waste, agriculture practices, day to day human activities and most notably, modes of transportation and many the other sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Pollution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pollution has many forms; It may be chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Alr pollution comes Into picture due to the accumulation of hazardous substances Into he atmosphere that danger human life and other llvlng matter. The most dominant player responsible for pollution Is automobiles; apart from that the other causes are Combustion of coal, Acid rain, Manufacturing buildings, Tobacco smoke, Paint fumes, Aerosol sprays, Nuclear weapons and wild fires. As far as effect of air pollution is concerned, respiratory diseases tops the chart of health problems. The second one is heart diseases, it caused due to increased level of carbon monoxide in the air. In addition to that you can avoid a risk of Asthma, Eye Irritation and a range of bronchial disease due to air pollution. If statistics is to be believed, this year air population segment will count for 80% of premature deaths. The World Health Organization estimates that 2. 4 million people die each year from causes directly attributable to air pollution Water pollution causes due to the Introduction of chemical, biological and all sort of physical matter into large bodies of water that degrade the quality of life that lives In It and consumes It. We can blame fertilizers, pesticides, or petroleum derivatives for water pollution. In addition to that the other contributors towards water pollution are Waste treatment facilities, mining, Pesticides, herbicides and ertilizers, oil spills, refiners, Failing septic systems, factories, Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars, animal waste, Soap from washing your car, house hold chemicals and many more to count. Another example of the tourist industry in being the cause of pollution is the water area. At Chin Lake (Tasik Chini), just so that eco-tourists dont have to get their feet wet, the Government built a dam at the river draining Pahangs Tasik Chinl. But now the dam has drowned thousands of trees surrounding the lake, threatening fisheries as well. In a cautionary tale of the times, Andrew Sla ho won the ICI-CCM Environmental Journalism Award (Honourable Mention) for his 1994 story, Damming the Lotus Lake, revisits Taslk Chinl to seek out the real picture behind the ostensible tourist pampering rationale of the dam. Noise pollution Is the excessive noise that may disrupt the activity or balance of human or animal life. The aircrafts, and trains. In addition to that the other causes of noise pollution are poor urban planning, the indoor noise caused by machines, building activities, music performances, and in some workplaces also. Solid wastes have a lions share among total pollution. Mainly it is composed of municipal solid waste (MSW), hazardous waste, plastic waste and E-waste. MSW also called as trash or garbage which is mainly composed of everyday items that are discarded by the public. Again MSW is of two types, biodegradable or recyclable and non biodegradable. The non biodegradable is more harmful in nature as it cant be degraded. Hazardous wastes always pose a great threat to an environment. Under RCRA in 40 CFR 261, hazardous wastes are classified into 4 categories viz. ignitability, reactivity, corrosivity and toxicity. Plastic wastes always pose a great threat to the environment. Due to its non degradable nature it always tops the chart in pollution. E-waste otherwise called as electronic waste, waste electrical and electronic equipment. E-waste comprises of office electronic equipment, television sets and refrigerators, discarded computers, entertainment device electronics and mobile phones. All E-waste poses lead, cadmium, beryllium, or brominated flame retardants, which trigger the pollution. Now E-waste has been a global concern and all effort is being made to minimize it. Pollution always harms to harm to humans, pets, plants, trees, and aquatic life. Acid ain, Eutrophication, Ozone depletion, haze, global climate change, crop and forest damage are the major effect of pollution on environment. Pollution always takes away the balance of the fragile ecosystems of earth. Hence we should make all our efforts to control our a waste and not to throw it into the ocean or on the land. Healthy environment is prerequisite of healthy life for us and our children, and fighting pollution is definitely the best way to keep our environmental healthy.

Final Exam free essay sample

As a result of this sample, it can be concluded that the average age of all the students at City College A. must be more than 22, since the population is always larger than the sample B. must be less than 22, since the sample is only a part of the population C. could not be 22 D. could be larger, smaller, or equal to 22 Since a sample is a subset of the population, the sample mean A. is always smaller than the mean of the population B. is always larger than the mean of the population C. must be equal to the mean of the population D. can be larger, smaller, or equal to the mean of the population Use the ollowing situation for Questions 4-7. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Exam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Michael, Inc. , a manufacturer of electric defibrillators, is a firm that makes 50 types of electric defibrillators . The table below shows the price distribution of the defibrillators . Price (In $) Number of Defibrillators 100 – 130 8 140 170 12 180 210 20 220 250 10 Select from the following choices for Questions 4-7. Use letter only in the blank. A. 32 B. 50% C. 20 D. 30 E. 16% F. 10 G. 60% H. 50 How many defibrillators have a price of at least $180? _______ What percentage of the defibrillators has a price of at least $180? _____ What percentage of the defibrillators has a price of less than $140? _____ How many defibrillators cost at least $140 but no more than $210? ______ Temperature is an example of A. a qualitative variable B. a quantitative variable C. either a quantitative or qualitative variable D. neither a quantitative nor qualitative variable Use the following situation for Questions 9 and 10. The following frequency distribution shows the frequency of outb reaks of the ? 1? 1 virus (statistics flu) for the following households in a small rural community. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Households 1134 406 168 41 25 12 Outbreaks 0 1 2 345 Use the frequency distribution to construct a probability distribution by filling in the blanks below. 0 1 2 3 4 5 x P(x) P(0) = __ P(1) = __ P(2) = __ P(3) = ___ P(4) = ___ P(5) = ___ Compute the mean and the standard deviation and select from the following the appropriate interpretation of the results (select best response) A. A household on the average has 0. 9 outbreaks with a standard deviation of . 6 outbreaks B. A household on the average has 0. 6 outbreaks with a standard deviation of 12 outbreaks C. A household on the average has 0. 9 outbreaks with a standard deviation of . 9 outbreaks D. A household on the average has 0. outbreaks with a standard deviation of .9 outbreaks Use the following situation for Questions 11 13. Twenty students were randomly selected for cholesterol screening. The following data were collected. 260 164 210 225 244 254 233 184 269 206 158 209 221 213 198 179 214 257 246 221 Using the information above compute the following: (Round to nearest hundre dth) A. Mean = _____ B. Median = _____ C. Mode = _____ D. Sample Standard Deviation = _____ E. The Sample Variance = ______ F. The Coefficient of Variation = ______ (as a percent, for example 27. 43%) Is the data skewed _______ (select correct letter from list below) A. No B. Skewed left C. Skewed right D. Unable to determine Which is the best measure of central tendency for the randomly selected cholesterol screenings? _______ (select correct letter from list below) A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. It does not matter, one is as good as the other Let event A = a patient does not survive a new treatment procedure for prostrate cancer and event B = the patient is permanently rendered sexually dysfunctional by the new treatment. Furthermore, events A and B are mutually exclusive. Which of the following statements is also true? A. A and B are also independent. B. P(A or B) = P(A)P(B) C. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) D. P(A and B) = P(A) + P(B) 15. Twenty-five percent of the employees of a large hospital are minorities. A random sample of 7 employees is selected. A. B. C. D. E. 16. What is the probability that the sample contains exactly 4 minorities? ____ What is the probability that the sample contains fewer than 2 minorities? ____ What is the probability that the sample contains exactly 1 non-minority? ____ What is the expected number of minorities in the sample? ______ What is the variance of the minorities? _______ Select from the answers below. Place the correct letter in the blanks above. A. 0. 5551 B. 1. 1456 C. 0. 4449 D. 0. 0013 E. 1. 7226 F. 1. 3125 G. 0. 0577 H. .0001 I. 1. 75 J. 0. 0286 The life expectancy of a lung cancer patient treated with a new drug is normally distributed with a mean of 4 years and a standard deviation of 10 months. A. What is the probability that a randomly selected lung cancer patient will last more than 5 years? _____ B. What percentage of lung cancer patients will last between 5 and 6 years? ____ C. What percentage of lung cancer patients will last less than 4 years? _____ D. What percentage of lung cancer patients will last between 2. 5 and 4. 5 years? _ E. If the drug manufacturer guarantees the drug will be effective for a minimum of 3 years (and will pay for the entire treatment program if the patient does not survive), what percentage of lung cancer patients will have to pay for the treatment? _____ 17. Select from the answers below. Place the correct letter in the blanks above. A. 10. 69% B. 11. 51% C. .0796 D. 46. 01% E. 88. 49% F. 68. 9% G. 53. 98% H. 0% I. 50% J. 0. 06172 The life expectancy in the United States is 75 with a standard deviation of 7 years. A random sample of 49 individuals is selected. A. B. C. D. E. F. 18. What is the standard error of the mean? ____ What is the probability that the sample mean will be larger than 77 years? ___ What is the probability that the sample mean will be less than 72. 7 years? ___ What is the probability that the sample mean will be between 73. 5 and 76 years? _____ What is the probability that the sample mean will be between 72 and 74 years? _____ What is the probability that the sampl e mean will be larger than 73. 46 years? _____ Select from the answers below. Place the correct letter in the blanks above. A. 0. 0107 B. 0. 7745 C. 1. 0 D. 0. 8427 E. 0. 9772 F. 0. 0228 G. 1/7 H. 0. 9389 I. 22. 55% J. 0. 1573 The standard hemoglobin reading for healthy adult men is 15 g/110 ml with a standard deviation of ? = 2 g. For a group of men, we find a mean hemoglobin of 16. 0 g. A. Obtain a 95% confidence interval for if the group size was 25_____ B. Obtain a 95% confidence interval for if the group size was 36_____ C. Obtain a 95% confidence interval for if the group size was 49_____ Select from the answers below. Place the correct letter in the blanks above. A. 15. 440 16. 560 B. 15. 347 16. 653 C. 14. 440 15. 560 D. 14. 316 15. 684 E. 15. 316– 16. 684 F. 14. 347 15. 653 19. 20. Doubling the size of the sample will A. reduce the standard error of the mean to one-half its current value B. reduce the standard error of the mean to approximately 70% of its current value C. have no effect on the standard error of the mean D. double the standard error of the mean The fact that the sampling distribution of sample means can be approximated by a normal probability distribution whenever the sample size is large is based on the A. central limit theorem B. fact that we have tables of areas for the normal distribution C. assumption that the population has a normal distribution D. None of these alternatives is correct. Use the following situation for Questions 21 23. In order to estimate the average time spent on the dialysis machines per kidney patient at a local university hospital, data were collected for a sample of 81 patients over a one week period. Assume the population standard deviation is 1. 2 hours. 21. The standard error of the mean is 22. A. 7. 5 B. 0. 014 C. 0. 160 D. 0. 133 With a 0. 95 probability, the margin of error is approximately 23. A. 0. 26 B. 1. 96 C. 0. 21 D. 1. 64 If the sample mean is 9 hours, then the 95% confidence interval is 24. 25. 26. A. 7. 04 to 110. 96 hours B. 7. 36 to 10. 64 hours C. 7. 80 to 10. 0 hours D. 8. 74 to 9. 26 hours The t distribution is applicable whenever: A. the sample is considered large (n ? 30). B. the population is normal and the sample standard deviation is used to estimate the population standard deviation C. n ? 100 D. n ? 1000 Use the following situation for Questions 25 – 26. A random sample of 16 statistics examinations from a la rge population was taken. The average score in the sample was 78. 6 with a variance of 64. We are interested in determining whether the average grade of the population is significantly more than 75. Assume the distribution of the population of grades is normal. The test statistic is: A. 0. 45 B. 1. 80 C. 3. 6 D. 8 At 95% confidence, it can be concluded that the average grade of the population A. is not significantly greater than 75 B. is significantly greater than 75 C. is not significantly greater than 78. 6 D. is significantly greater than 78. 6 27. Independent samples are obtained from two normal populations with equal variances in order to construct a confidence interval estimate for the difference between the population means. If the first sample contains 16 items and the second sample contains 36 items, the correct form to use for the sampling distribution is the A. normal distribution B. t distribution with 15 degrees of freedom C. t distribution with 35 degrees of freedom D. t distribution with 50 degrees of freedom Use the following situation for Questions 28 – 33. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the following results. Mean Variance Sample Size 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Today 82 112. 5 45 Five Years Ago 88 54 36 The difference between the means of the two populations is (d ) = A. 58. 5 B. 9 C. -9 D. -6 The standard deviation of the difference between the means of the two populations is A. 12. 9 B. 9. 3 C. 4 D. 2 The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is A. -9. 92 to -2. 08 B. -3. 92 to 3. 92 C. -13. 84 to 1. 84 D. -24. 228 to 12. 23 The test statistic for the difference between the two population means is A. -. 47 B. -. 65 C. -1. 5 D. -3 The p-value for the difference between the two population means is A. .0014 B. .0028 C. .4986 D. 9972 What is the conclusion that can be reached about the difference in the average final examination scores between the two classes? (Use a . 05 level of significance. ) A. There is a statistically significant difference in the average final examination scores between the two classes. B. There is no statistically significant difference in the average final examination scores between the two classes . C. It is impossible to make a decision on the basis of the information given. D. There is a difference, but it is not significant. Use the following situation for Questions 34 – 38. The director of a regional hospital is interested in determining whether or not the proportion of incoming female patients who needs a pap-smear has increased. A sample of female patients taken several years ago is compared with a sample of female patients this year. Results are summarized below. Sample Size No. Requiring Pap-Smear 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. Previous Sample 250 50 Present Sample 300 69 The difference between the two proportions is: A. 50 B. 19 C. 0. 50 D. 0. 03 The pooled proportion has a value of A. 0. 216 B. 0. 216 C. 1. 645 D. 0. 5 The interest of the director represents a A. one tailed test B. wo tailed test C. one tailed or a two tailed test, depending on the confidence coefficient D. one tailed or a two tailed test, depending on the level of significance The test statistics for this test is A. 1. 645 B. 1. 96 C. 0. 035 D. 0. 851 If the test is to be done with an ? =. 05 the A. null hypothesis should be rejected B. null hypothesis should not be rejected C. a lternative hypothesis should be accepted D. None of these alternatives is correct. Regression analysis was applied between demand for a product (Y) and the price of the product (X), and the following estimated regression equation was obtained. Y = 120 10 X Based on the above estimated regression equation, if price is increased by 2 units, then demand is expected to A. increase by 120 units B. increase by 100 units C. increase by 20 units D. decease by 20 units If there is a very strong correlation between two variables, then the coefficient of correlation must be A. much larger than 1, if the correlation is positive B. much smaller than 1, if the correlation is negative C. much larger than one D. None of these alternatives is correct. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. Regression analysis was applied between sales (in $1000) and advertising (in $100) and the following regression function was obtained. Y = 500 + 4 X Based on the above estimated regression line if advertising is $10,000, then the point estimate for sales (in dollars) is A. $900 B. $900,000 C. $40,500 D. $505,000 Use the following situation for Questions 42 – 46. You are given the following information about y and x. y x Dependent Variable Independent Variable 5 15 7 12 9 10 11 7 The least squares estimate of b1 equals A. -0. 7647 B. -0. 13 C. 21. 4 D. 16. 412 The least squares estimate of b0 equals A. -0. 7647 B. -1. 3 C. 164. 1176 D. 16. 41176 The sample correlation coefficient equals A. -86. 667 B. -0. 99705 C. 0. 9941 D. 0. 99705 The coefficient of determination equals A. -0. 99705 B. -0. 9941 C. 0. 9941 D. 0. 99705 A researcher selected a sample of 50 residents from each of three different cities to determine if they were willing to participate in a medical experiment. At ? = . 05, test the claim that the proportions who will participate are equal. Residents City 1 City 2 City 3 Willing to participate 20 12 22 Not willing to participate 30 38 28 Total 50 50 50 A. There is not evidence to reject the claim that the proportions are equal because the test value 4. 861 lt; 5. 991 B. There is evidence to reject the claim that the proportions are equal because the test value gt; 1. 42 C. There is not evidence to reject the claim that the proportions are equal because the test value 5. 991lt; 12. 592 D. There is evidence to reject the claim that the proportions are equal because the test value 5. 991 gt; 1. 042 A researcher is comparing samples from 6 different populations. Assume that the conclusion from an ANOVA is that the null hypothesis is rejected, in other words that the 6 population means are not all equal. How many of the population means would be significantly different from the others? A. Three (half) B. At least 1 C. All would be different D. More than 2 Use the following situation for Questions 48 – 50. A research firm reported that 15% of those surveyed described their health as poor, 26% as good, 40% as very good, and 19% as excellent. A health professional in Chicago wanted to determine if people in Chicago had similar feelings toward their health. In a sample of 600 people in Chicago, 70 described their health as poor, 180 as good, 210 as very good, and 140 as excellent. Complete the chart below by filling in the observed and expected values. 48. 49. 50. Observed Expected Poor Good Very Good Excellent Calculate the test statistic ________ (to two decimal places, i. 2. 34) Given an ? = . 05, what is the result of the chi-squared test? A. There is not evidence to reject the claim that the proportions are equal because the test value is less than the critical ? 2 value. B. There is evidence to reject the claim that the proportions are equal because the test value is greater than the critical ? 2 value. C. There is not eviden ce to reject the claim that the proportions are equal because the test value is greater than the critical ? 2 value. D. There is evidence to reject the claim that the proportions are equal because the test value is less than the critical ? 2 value.

Role of the State Essays

Role of the State Essays Role of the State Essay Role of the State Essay This paper is being submitted on August 22, 2013 Role of the State Plato’s thought represents an essential aspect of Modern Europe’s classical heritage. His complex and changing notions of identity and difference, his views of the connection between body and soul, passion and reason, and his own varying assessment of the theory of Forms, as refracted through Aristotle’s critique of all these concepts, have laid the groundwork of Western logic, metaphysics and political theory until modern times.Yet, in assessing what modern European owes to its classical heritage, we need to confront the fact that Plato and Aristotle stood opposed to both the major philosophical and political tendencies of modern liberalism and the more recent theoretical attempts such as deconstruction, Marxism and Feminism to undermine those liberal beliefs. The positions of Plato and Aristotle on nearly all of these issues are concentrated in their respective critiques of democracy.Both Plato and Aristotle based their theories on four widely accepted beliefs of the time; knowledge must be of what is real, the world experienced via the senses is what is real, knowledge must be of what is fixed and unchanging, the world experienced via the senses is not fixed and unchanging. These points led to a skeptic point of view which both philosophers wished to target as both agreed knowledge is possible. In order to overcome this contradiction in the argument it became necessary that each philosopher choose a point to disregard and prove to be unnecessary.Plato chose to reject the claim that the world experienced through the senses is what is real; while Aristotle rejected the claim that knowledge must be of what is fixed and unchanging. This presented problems to be overcome by each philosopher: Plato had to give an account of where knowledge could be found while Aristotle had to account for how to have knowledge of that which is undergoing change. This is what leads to the philosophers’ overwhelming differences (Comparison between Plato and Aristotle; Similarities andDifferences, 2013). If Plato was pre-eminently a radical-thinker, Aristotle was decidedly conservative in his political speculation. While Plato is a deductive thinker, Aristotle follows the inductive method. This is clear if we compare the methods of the two. Plato started with abstract notions of justice and virtue and on the basis of this setup an ideal state. Aristotle reasoned inductively by comparing the working institutions of a large number of city-states actually existing in his own time.The intellectual make-up and reasoning, process of the two was different. Plato proceeded from the Universal or the Ideal to the particular, while Aristotle’s process was from the particular and concrete to the universal, Plato believed that reality laid in the ideal i. e. the idea of a thing while Aristotle held that it lay in the concrete manifestation of a thing. Aristotle regarded himself more as an organizer of already-existing knowledge than as a profounder of new philosophy.The reasoning of Aristotle is less imaginative and more logical and scientific than that of Plato and his speculations and judgments are sounder than those of his master. With him, ethics and politics are not so inextricably intertwined as with Plato. If Plato subordinated politics to ethics, Aristotle gave the pride of place to politics. I believe it safe to say that practical political philosophy in the West began with Aristotle. While Plato aimed at the ideal, Aristotle’s objective was not the ideally best but the best attainable.By his keen and practical political insight and systematic treatment of the subject Aristotle laid the foundations of real political science Politics, with him, assumed the character of an independent science. Plato also combined the ethical and the political but Aristotle gave pride of place to the political. He was more individualistic than Plato as Plato dealt with both ethics and politics in one treatise, and Aristotle dealt with the two in two separate treatises i. . the Politics and the Ethics. The Politics of Aristotle still remains one of the greatest classics on political science because it contains much of universal validity.

How should children in trouble with the law be responded to by Essay

How should children in trouble with the law be responded to by prioritizing their welfare or by prioritizing justice - Essay Example The cognitive development of children is not at the same level as it is when they have reached adulthood. The way in which they understand complex social concepts is not the same as the concepts that adults have developed. Therefore, when children commit crimes they do not have the same perspective from which to draw logical choices. The decisions that lead to an illegal act are driven by concepts that have been twisted to include the acceptability of those decisions. Children have a centralized need to draw in all of the education that they can take, which often includes exploring less than legal experiences. As well, sometimes they perceive an action that must be taken because they do not see an alternative. The problem with treating children as criminals is that they begin to behave and adopt the identity of a criminal. The crime that they commit later in life can be far worse than the crimes of childhood, thus creating a scenario where society has the choice of growing a better a dult or creating a new criminal. Because the actions of a child do not define the future identity of the potential adult within, the welfare of the child should be protected and nurtured in order to prioritize the security of justice in the future by implementing a welfare approach to handling youth offenders. According to Barrouillet and Gaillard (2011), children do not have the capacity to understand all of the factors involved in situations that have sophisticated complexities in forming the circumstances. Cognitive capacity increases with age allowing for more information to be considered in making a decision (p. 2). Children do not have the capacity to considered highly complex situations, thus creating impulsivity and spontaneity in the way in which they react to different situations. Circumstances are often such that the immediacy of the benefit will outweigh any ability to fully consider the consequences of the action. Therefore, it is often the case that illegal activity is not framed from the point of view of an understanding of all of the potential outcomes. Without the ability to form and recognized all of the outcomes, a child does not have the ability to make a true decision about right and wrong. Using the perspective of prioritizing justice does nothing to address the causes of youthful crime. It does nothing to attend to the safety of the public and causes more harm further down the line when now trained criminals are released from prison. This is not to suggest that children cannot be taught right from wrong, but it is too much to expect that every situation can be successfully framed within that conceptualization. According to Smith, Cowie, and Blades (2003), children are seeking to learn what is right and wrong and why it is right or wrong and as they grow, they are better able to comprehend more complex concepts (p. 270). However, children will not necessarily understand what makes a situation right or wrong and this misunderstanding can c reate a gap between understanding the action in regard to the outcome. As an example, take into consideration a childhood activity of throwing apples at cars as they pass. The child is aiming at a moving target, creating a game out of the explosion of the apple as it hits the car. However, the possible outcomes of startling the driver and causing an accident, causing damage to the car, or of breaking a window and injuring the passengers, may be well beyond the capacity of the child to understand. Even if those concepts are known, the child may still believe that nothing bad will happen and give into the temptation of throwing the fruit to see what will happen. Pearson (1984) writes eloquently about a world that has become more dangerous and filled with socially reforming do-gooders who have tied the hands of those